In this lab we asked the question, "How can DNA be separated from cheek cells in order to study it?" We found that DNA can be extracted by going through a three-step process: homogenization, lysis, and precipitation. We took cheek cells from our mouths and broke down the nuclear material of the cells with detergent, a polar liquid. We added salt to facilitate the precipitation and soap to lyse the cell membranes and emulsify the lipids and proteins. Then, we used catabolic proteases to break down proteins called histones that the DNA wrapped around. Finally, alcohol, a nonpolar substance, was added after mixing the solution to form the precipitate, DNA. This process of extracting DNA is confirmed with textbook information as well as other "articles". This data supports our claim because it shows that extracting DNA can be done in the way shown.
While our hypothesis was supported by our data, there could have been errors due to the fact that we shook the test tube a little after the alcohol was put in, causing the alcohol and Gatorade solution to mix a little. This would affect our results, as the DNA would go back into the Gatorade solution. Another error is that we did not let the solution sit for long enough. This would impact our results, as the processes may not have been fully complete. Due to these errors, in future experiments I recommend that the experimenters should carefully follow the procedure given to them and have a good timer.
This lab was done to demonstrate the process of DNA extraction. From this lab, I learned that polar liquids can help break down nuclear material, the different materials to help with different processes, and other similar concepts. I also learned how DNA extraction works. Based on my experience from this lab, I could can use the process described above the extract other materials from other substances.
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